In an era where urban areas are expanding at an unprecedented rate, the concept of greener cities has emerged as a beacon of sustainable development. The Steers Center for Global Real Estate has focused a portion of its real estate curriculum on the concept and exploration of the manner that cities can decarbonize their physical footprint.  It is important to note that the built environment is inherently unsustainable as currently executed due in part to 40% of global greenhouse gas emissions being attributed to the built environment.  The reality as discussed within the Steers Center is that we need to be focused on creating “greener” opportunities that are less harmful to the natural environment. 

Today, we delve into the idea of greener cities and explore their pivotal role in fostering environmentally friendly urban environments that balance economic growth, social equity, and ecological sustainability.

Defining “Green” Cities

Understanding the essence of a greener city is crucial as the global community grapples with the challenges of rapid urbanization and environmental degradation. At their core, greener cities are urban areas that prioritize environmental protection, efficient resource utilization, and the overall well-being of their residents. These cities aim to minimize their carbon footprint, reduce pollution, and enhance the quality of life for their inhabitants.

To achieve these ambitious goals, greener cities promote the use of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and geothermal power. They invest in sustainable transportation systems, including extensive public transit networks, cycling lanes, and pedestrian-friendly infrastructure. Advanced waste management systems are implemented to reduce landfill use and promote recycling and composting. Furthermore, infrastructure like parks, green roofs, and urban forests are integrated into city planning to create healthier and more livable spaces (United Nations Environment Programme, 2020).

The world’s greenest cities are often evaluated based on key indicators such as energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, air and water quality, waste management practices, and access to greener spaces. Cities like Copenhagen, Denmark, and Vancouver, Canada, are renowned for their commitment to sustainability and serve as models for greener urban development (C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group, 2019).

Benefits of “Green” Cities

Environmental Advantages

Greener cities offer a multitude of environmental benefits by significantly reducing pollution levels. The adoption of renewable energy reduces reliance on fossil fuels, lowering greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating climate change impacts. Efficient waste management practices decrease the amount of waste sent to landfills, reducing methane emissions and soil contamination. Sustainable transportation options reduce air pollutants like nitrogen oxides and particulate matter, leading to cleaner air and improved public health (World Health Organization, 2018).

Social Benefits

From a social perspective, greener cities enhance community well-being by providing accessible green spaces that promote physical activity and mental health. Parks, community gardens, and urban forests not only beautify the city but also serve as social hubs where residents can connect and engage in recreational activities. Sustainable urban planning that promotes walkability and cycling contributes to healthier lifestyles and reduces the prevalence of diseases associated with sedentary behavior (American Planning Association, 2019).

Economic Growth

Economically, investing in greener cities can stimulate job creation and attract businesses focused on sustainability. The green economy includes sectors such as renewable energy, energy efficiency, sustainable construction, and environmental consultancy, all of which offer employment opportunities. Additionally, energy-efficient buildings and infrastructure can lead to significant cost savings for both individuals and businesses through reduced utility bills and maintenance costs (International Energy Agency, 2020).

Key Components of More Sustainable Cities

Urban Design and Architecture

Urban design and architecture are critical in shaping more sustainable cities. Incorporating sustainable practices in construction and development helps reduce the environmental impact of buildings, which are significant consumers of energy and resources. Energy-efficient buildings utilize technologies like high-performance insulation, energy-efficient windows, and smart energy management systems to reduce energy consumption. The use of eco-friendly materials such as recycled steel, bamboo, and low-VOC (volatile organic compound) paints minimizes environmental harm (U.S. Green Building Council, 2019).

Innovative architectural techniques like green roofs and vertical gardens serve multiple functions. green roofs provide insulation, reducing heating and cooling demands, and absorb rainwater, decreasing stormwater runoff. Vertical gardens improve air quality by filtering pollutants and can contribute to local food production when used for urban agriculture (American Institute of Architects, 2021).

Transportation and Mobility Solutions

Transportation is a significant contributor to urban pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. greener cities address this issue by prioritizing sustainable transportation options. Developing extensive public transit systems that are efficient, affordable, and accessible encourages residents to opt for buses, trains, and trams over private vehicles. Expanding cycling infrastructure with dedicated bike lanes and bike-sharing programs promotes cycling as a viable mode of transportation. Designing pedestrian-friendly streets with safe sidewalks and crossings encourages walking, reducing reliance on motor vehicles (U.S. Department of Transportation, 2019).

The promotion of electric vehicles (EVs) is another essential strategy. By investing in EV charging infrastructure and offering incentives for EV ownership, cities can reduce emissions from the transportation sector. Car-sharing programs and ride-sharing services that utilize electric or hybrid vehicles further contribute to sustainable mobility (International Council on Clean Transportation, 2020).

Integration of Nature and Green Spaces

Integrating nature into urban environments is vital for creating sustainable and livable cities. Green spaces provide numerous environmental benefits, including carbon sequestration, improved air and water quality, and enhanced biodiversity. They also offer social and psychological benefits by providing areas for recreation, relaxation, and community gatherings. Urban planning that incorporates greener corridors and networks connects parks and natural areas, promoting ecological connectivity and supporting wildlife (Biophilic Cities Network, 2018).

Investments in “Green” Cities

The Role of Real Assets

Investing in greener cities involves allocating resources to real assets that contribute to sustainability. Real assets include physical assets like buildings, infrastructure, and land, which are essential for the functioning of urban environments. By investing in energy-efficient buildings, renewable energy installations, and sustainable infrastructure projects, investors can play a significant role in promoting greener cities (Global Sustainable Investment Alliance, 2020).

Types of Sustainable Real Assets

Different types of real assets contribute to greener urban development:

1. Greener Buildings: Structures designed with sustainability in mind, featuring energy-efficient systems, sustainable materials, and environmentally friendly construction practices.
2. Renewable Energy Projects: Investments in solar farms, wind turbines, and geothermal plants that provide clean energy to urban areas.
3. Sustainable Transportation Systems: Development of public transit networks, cycling infrastructure, and EV charging stations.
4. Waste Management Facilities: Advanced recycling centers and waste-to-energy plants that reduce landfill use and recover valuable resources.

Financial and Societal Returns

Investing in greener cities may offer both financial returns and societal benefits. More sustainable real assets often have lower operating costs due to energy savings and can command higher market values. Additionally, these investments contribute to environmental conservation, public health improvements, and enhanced quality of life for urban residents (World Economic Forum, 2020).

Challenges and Solutions for Green Urbanism

Balancing Growth and Sustainability

One of the primary challenges in achieving greener city status is balancing the demands of urban population growth with environmental sustainability. Rapid urbanization can strain natural resources, increase waste production, and exacerbate pollution. Cities must implement strategies that accommodate growth while minimizing environmental impacts (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2018).

Innovative Approaches to More Eco-Friendly Development

To overcome these challenges, cities are adopting innovative approaches:

• Green Infrastructure: Incorporating natural elements into urban design, such as bioswales, rain gardens, and permeable pavements, helps manage stormwater, reduce flooding, and improve water quality.
• Sustainable Land Use Planning: Implementing zoning laws and land-use policies that encourage mixed-use developments, higher-density housing, and preservation of natural areas.
• Renewable Energy Integration: Encouraging decentralized energy generation through rooftop solar panels and community energy projects.
• Community Engagement: Involving residents in planning processes to ensure that developments meet community needs and foster a sense of ownership (Environmental Protection Agency, 2020).

Preserving Biodiversity

Urban development often leads to habitat loss and reduced biodiversity. Greener cities address this by integrating natural habitats into the urban fabric. Initiatives like creating urban wildlife corridors, protecting wetlands, and promoting urban agriculture contribute to biodiversity conservation and provide ecosystem services (Convention on Biological Diversity, 2019).

The Future of “Green” Cities

Technological Advancements

Technological innovation is at the forefront of shaping the future of greener cities. Advancements in smart city technologies enable better resource management through data analytics, sensors, and automation. Smart grids optimize electricity distribution, reducing energy waste. Intelligent transportation systems enhance traffic flow and reduce congestion. Waste management systems equipped with sensors optimize collection routes and schedules (Smart Cities Council, 2019).

Resilience and Adaptation

As climate change impacts become more pronounced, greener cities are focusing on resilience and adaptation strategies. This includes designing infrastructure that can withstand extreme weather events, implementing flood defenses, and developing emergency response plans. Green infrastructure plays a crucial role in enhancing urban resilience by absorbing excess rainwater and reducing heat stress (Resilient Cities Network, 2021).

Global Collaboration and Policy

International collaboration and supportive policies are essential for advancing greener city initiatives. Global agreements like the Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals provide frameworks for action. Cities are joining networks such as C40 Cities and the Global Covenant of Mayors to share best practices and commit to sustainability targets (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 2015).

Green cities are more than a trend; they are a necessity for ensuring a more sustainable future for our rapidly urbanizing world. By integrating environmental considerations into every aspect of urban planning and development, greener cities improve the quality of life for residents, protect natural resources, and stimulate economic growth. Investments in sustainable real assets not only yield financial returns but also contribute to the global effort to combat climate change and environmental degradation. As we look toward the future, embracing the principles of green urbanism will be key to building resilient, vibrant, and sustainable cities for generations to come.